What kind of chemical is sudan 1

Towards improved quantitative analysis using surface-enhanced Raman scattering incorporating internal isotope labelling. Analytical Methods , 9 47 , A new silver nanochain SERS analytical platform to detect trace hexametaphosphate with a rhodamine S molecular probe.

Luminescence , 31 3 , Journal of Food Science , 81 5 , NN Determination of dimethoate and phosmet pesticides with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Spectroscopy Letters , 49 3 , Upconversion nanosensor for sensitive fluorescence detection of Sudan I—IV based on inner filter effect. Rapid and direct detection of illicit dyes on tainted fruit peel using a PVA hydrogel surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate. Analytical Methods , 8 24 , A silicon nanoparticle based turn off fluorescent sensor for sudan I.

Analytical Methods , 8 28 , Determination of Sudan I in duck feed by microscopic image processing and confocal Raman spectroscopy. Methods , 8 27 , Jafar Hoseini , Roghayeh Hashemi Fath. RSC Advances , 6 80 , Determination of histamine in canned tuna by molecularly imprinted polymers-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Analytica Chimica Acta , , Silvis , Saskia M. Analytical techniques combined with chemometrics for authentication and determination of contaminants in condiments: A review. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis , 44 , Facile synthesis and photocatalytic activity of bi-phase dispersible Cu-ZnO hybrid nanoparticles. Simultaneous multiplexed quantification of caffeine and its major metabolites theobromine and paraxanthine using surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry , 27 , Determination of Sudan I in paprika powder by molecularly imprinted polymers—thin layer chromatography—surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic biosensor.

Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization , 9 2 , Detection of melamine in milk using molecularly imprinted polymers—surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Food Chemistry , , Identifying potential sources of Sudan I contamination in Capsicum fruits over its growth period. Mank , B. ChemPhysChem , 16 3 , Bell , Christopher T. The feasibility of using near infrared and Raman spectroscopic techniques to detect fraudulent adulteration of chili powders with Sudan dye.

Food Control , 48 , Multivariate qualitative analysis of banned additives in food safety using surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. Discrimination of sibutramine and its analogues based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics: toward the rapid detection of synthetic anorexic drugs in natural slimming products. RSC Advances , 5 8 , Fabrication of long-range ordered, broccoli-like SERS arrays and application in detecting endocrine disrupting chemicals.

Journal of Materials Chemistry C , 3 6 , Detection and quantification of the opioid tramadol in urine using surface enhanced Raman scattering. The Analyst , 17 , Ellis , Howbeer Muhamadali , Simon A. Haughey , Christopher T. Elliott , Royston Goodacre. In addition, the presence of high levels of IgE and the dual positive response to the SIC may support an IgE-mediated mechanism and consequently a possible Th2 enrollment. However, the increase in eosinophils cannot rule out a response mediated by innate lymphocytic immunity ILC2 or a combination of both.

Malo JL, Vandenplas O. Definitions and classification of work-related asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. Article Google Scholar. Quirce S, Sastre J. Occupational asthma: clinical phenotypes, biomarkers, and management. Curr Opin Pulm Med. Asthma, rhinitis and dermatitis in workers exposed to reactive dyes. Br J Ind Med. Google Scholar. Occupational asthma, rhinitis, and contact urticaria caused by oxidative hair dyes in hairdressers.

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. Immediate-type hypersensitivity and allergic contact dermatitis due to para-phenylenediamine in hair dye. Contact Dermat. Occupational asthma and IgE antibodies to reactive dyes.

Yonsei Med J. Clinical and immunological investigations of respiratory disease in workers using reactive dyes. Immediate-type hypersensitivity to reactive dyes.

Clin Allergy. Stern MA. Occupational asthma from a reactive dye. Ann Allergy. Clinical and immunologic evaluation of reactive dye-exposed workers. J Allergy Clin Immunol. Asthma mortality in male workers of the dye industry in Korea. J Occup Health. Chung KT. Sudan 1 is an azo dye. In laboratory tests when the dye was injected directly into animals such as rats, mice and rabbits, it caused cancerous tumours in organs such as the liver.

Since July , chilli powder imported into the UK has had to be free of Sudan 1. Sudan 1 was banned as a food colourant in the US in and in Canada in , but it took Europe until to prohibit its use in food. No, it's a man-made dye, first synthesised in Germany in the s. You can make it in a two-stage process. Then react the benzene diazonium chloride with 2-naphthol in alkaline solution see equation.

Sudan 1 is cheap to make, and it has lots of 'safe' uses, eg as a colourant in floor and shoe polishes, petrol and oils. It seems that the dye was used to colour some chilli powder produced in India, to make the spice look more attractive, and this was imported into the UK before the July deadline.

The spice was then traded between various food ingredient suppliers before it was used in the manufacture of some Worcester sauce, a widely used food ingredient. Sudan dyes are also not approved for use as colouring matters in food in Mainland China, and in countries including the European Union, Australia and Canada.

Advice to the Trade Source food supplies from reliable suppliers. Do not accept food from dubious sources. Put in place a system to monitor the incoming materials. Record and check thoroughly all food supplies at the receiving end.